Skip to main content

Producing and Reproducing the Business Family Across Generations: The Importance of Narratives in German Business Families

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Family Firms and Business Families in Cross-Cultural Perspective

Abstract

Based on long-term qualitative research with century-old business families in the German context, we emphasize the role of narratives. Understood as discursive social practices, they convey meaning, foster identification and establish particular images of the business family for themselves and outsiders. Examples discussed in the article include narratives about flexibility, cooperation and the particular cleverness of its members. In particular, we argue that narratives contribute to internal cohesion within the business family because processes of individualization, changed inheritance practices and lucrative opportunities outside the family business challenge the intent for transgenerational continuation. Thus we highlight a processual understanding of business families and draw on conceptions such as relatedness, kinning and doing family from anthropology and family sociology. Herewith we are better able to show how these self-images and narratives work and how they are used as mechanism for the production and reproduction of business families. Old business families in the German context, then, are no fixed entities but the outcome of processes where meaning, identification and sense-making are successfully transferred within and across generations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    All names are synonyms but reflect certain characteristics of the originals. In addition, the names of the company, the city and the family have been omitted to protect the anonymity of our interlocutors.

References

  • Aldrich, H. E., Brumana, M., Campopiano, G., & Minola, T. (2021). Embedded but not asleep: Entrepreneurship and family business research in the 21st century. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2(1), 100390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aldrich, H. E., & Cliff, J. E. (2003). The pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship: Toward a family embeddedness perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(5), 573–596.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Assmann, J. (2000). Das kulturelle Gedächtnis: Schrift, Erinnerung und politische Identität in frĂ¼hen Hochkulturen. C. H. Beck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bansal, P., Smith, W., & Vaara, E. (2018). New ways of seeing through qualitative research. Academy of Management Journal, 61(4), 1189–1195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barthes, R., & Duisit, L. (1975). An introduction to the structural analysis of narrative. New Literary History, 6(2), 237–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basco, R. (2013). The family’s effect on family firm performance: A model testing the demographic and essence approaches. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 4(1), 42–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, U. (2015). Risikogesellschaft: auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne. Suhrkamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertram, H. (2013). Das Individuum und seine Familie: Lebensformen, Familienbeziehungen und Lebensereignisse im Erwachsenenalter. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohnsack, R. (1999). Rekonstruktive Sozialforschung: EinfĂ¼hrung in Methodologie und Praxis qualitativer Forschung. Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. D. (2006). A narrative approach to collective identities. Journal of Management Studies, 43(4), 731–753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, D. (2007). Systemic action research: A strategy for whole system change. Policy Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Carsten, J. (Ed.). (2000). Cultures of relatedness: New approaches to the study of kinship. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carsten, J. (2004). After kinship. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Sharma, P. (2005). Trends and directions in the development of a strategic management theory of the family firm. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(5), 555–576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Sharma, P. (1999). Defining the family business by behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4), 19–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Combs, J. G., Shanine, K. K., Burrows, S., Allen, J. S., & Pounds, T. W. (2020). What do we know about business families? Setting the stage for leveraging family science theories. Family Business Review, 33(1), 38–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Czarniawska, B. (Ed.). (1997). A narrative approach to organization studies. Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Czarniawska, B. (2002). Narrative, interviews, and organizations. In J. F. Gubrium & J. A. Holstein (Eds.), Handbook of interview research: Context and method (pp. 733–749). Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Czarniawska, B. (2004). Narratives in social science research. Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • de Lomnitz, L. A., & PĂ©rez Lizaur, M. (1987). A Mexican elite family, 1820–1980: Kinship, class, and culture. Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Massis, A., & Kammerlander, N. (2020). Handbook of qualitative research methods for family business. Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Felden, B., Hack, A., & Hoon, C. (2019). Management von Familienunternehmen. Springer Gabler.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, D., De Massis, A., & Nordqvist, M. (2016). Qualitative research practices and family business scholarship: A review and future research agenda. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 7(1), 8–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gioia, D., Corley, K., & Hamilton, A. (2012). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 15–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goody, J. (1996). The east in the west. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Grodal, S., Anteby, M., & Holm, A. (2021). Achieving rigor in qualitative analysis: The role of active categorization in theory building. Academy of Management Review, 46(3), 591–612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halbwachs, M. (1985 [1950]). The collective memory. New York: Harper & Row Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, S. (2006). The Kinning of foreigners: Transnational adoption in a global perspective. Berghahn Books.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe, D., & Lane, S. (2004). Sustaining a family dynasty: Key issues facing complex multigenerational business- and investment-owning families. Family Business Review, 17(1), 81–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaskiewicz, P., Combs, J. G., & Rau, S. B. (2015). Entrepreneurial legacy: Toward a theory of how some family firms nurture transgenerational entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(1), 29–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaskiewicz, P., Neubaum, D. O., De Massis, A., & Holt, D. T. (2020). The adulthood of family business research through inbound and outbound theorizing. Family Business Review, 33(1), 10–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kleve, H. (2020). Die Unternehmerfamilie. Wie Wachstum, Sozialisation und Beratung gelingen. Carl Auer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleve, H., & Boyd, B. (2021). Narrative in Familienunternehmen als sinnstiftende Erzählungen. Heiko Kleve im Gespräch mit Britta Boyd. Familiendynamik, 46(1), 74–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kleve, H., Boyd, B., Koellner, T., & RĂ¼sen, T. (2022). Ăœberlebensgeschichten im transgenerationalen Unternehmertum: Zur Bedeutung von Narrativen und Narrationen in Familienunternehmen und Unternehmerfamilien. In P. Jacob, M. Borcsa, J. Olthof, A. Schlippe, & v. (Eds.), Handbuch der narrativen Therapie und Beratung (pp. 349–359). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleve, H., & Koellner, T. (Eds.). (2019). Die Soziologie der Unternehmerfamilie: Grundlagen, Entwicklungslinien, Perspektiven. Springer VS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleve, H., Koellner, T., Schlippe, A. V., & RĂ¼sen, T. (2020). The business family 3.0: Dynastic business families as families, organizations and networks. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 37, 516. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koellner, T. (2011). Built with gold or tears? Moral discourses on church construction and the role of entrepreneurial donations. In J. Zigon (Ed.), Multiple moralities in Russia (pp. 191–213). Berghahn Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koellner, T. (2012). Practising without belonging? Entrepreneurship, religion and morality in contemporary Russia. LIT Verlag, Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koellner, T. (2022). Family firms and business families: A field for anthropological research. Anthropology Today, 38(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12768

  • Koellner, T., Haver-Rassfeld, H., & Kleve, H. (2022). Das Doing-Family-Konzept: Eine neue Perspektive zum Verständnis der Herstellung und des Zusammenhalts von Unternehmerfamilien. Familienunternehmen und Strategie, 01/2022, 11–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koellner, T., Kleve, H., Simons, F., Schlippe, A. V., & RĂ¼sen, T. (2020). Vermögensmanagement in groĂŸen Unternehmerfamilien: Zwischen individuellem Anspruch und kollektiver Verantwortung. Zeitschrift fĂ¼r KMU und Entrepreneurship, 03(2020), 191–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koellner, T. & Roth, S. (2023). (Under Review) Cultural variations in family firms and business families: A literature review and agenda for future research. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraus, S., Clauss, T., Breier, M., Gast, J., Zardini, A., & Tiberius, V. (2020). The economics of COVID-19: Initial empirical evidence on how family firms in five European countries cope with the Corona crisis. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 26, 1067.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Labaki, R., Bernhard, F., & Cailluet, L. (2019). The strategic use of historical narratives in the family business. In E. Memili & C. Dibrell (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of heterogeneity among family firms (pp. 531–553). Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lubinski, C. (2010). Familienunternehmen in Westdeutschland: Corporate Governance und Gesellschafterkultur seit den 1960er Jahren. C. H. Beck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. (2023). How ‘enduring family bonds’ are made: Insights from FulÉ“e Kinship enterprises in Northern Benin. In T. Koellner (Ed.), Family firms and business families in cross-cultural perspective. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Micelotta, E., Glaser, V., & Dorian, G. (2020). Qualitative research in family business: Methodological insights to leverage inspiration, avoid data asphyxiation and develop robust theory. In A. De Massis & N. Kammerlander (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research methods for family business (pp. 25–48). Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Moser, H. (1989). Aktionsforschung als kritische Theorie der Sozialwissenschaften. Kösel.

    Google Scholar 

  • MĂ¼ller, B. (2002). Die Entzauberung der Marktwirtschaft: Ethnologische Erkundungen in ostdeutschen Betrieben. Campus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, A. W., Carr, J. C., & Shaw, J. C. (2008). Toward a theory of Familiness: A social capital perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(6), 949–969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rostron, A. (2021). How to be a Hero: How managers determine what makes a good manager through narrative identity work. Management Learning, Online first: 13505076211007275.

    Google Scholar 

  • RĂ¼sen, T., Kleve, H., & Schlippe, A. V. (2021). Managing business family dynasties. Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • RĂ¼sen, T., Kleve, H., Schlippe, A., & v. (2019). Die dynastische GroĂŸfamilie. Skizze eines spezifischen Typus von Unternehmerfamilien. In H. Kleve & T. Koellner (Eds.), Die Soziologie der Unternehmerfamilie. Grundlagen, Entwicklungslinien, Perspektiven (pp. 225–245). Springer VS.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Salverda, T. (2022). Ethnography in pandemic times. Journal of Business Anthropology, 11(1), 102–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, D. M. (1984). A critique of the study of kinship. University of Michigan Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, M., Hatch, M. J., & Larsen, M. H. (Eds.). (2000). The expressive organization: Linking identity, reputation, and the corporate brand. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • SchĂ¼tze, F. (1983). Biografieforschung und narratives interview. Neue Praxis, 1(3), 283–293.

    Google Scholar 

  • SchĂ¼tze, F. (1987). Das narrative Interview in Interaktionsfeldstudien. PhD. Hagen: Fernuniversität, Fachbereich Erziehungs-, Sozial-u. Geisteswissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spradley, J. (2005). Participant observation. Wadsworth, Thomson Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamm, I. (2013). Unternehmerfamilien: Ăœber den Einfluss des Unternehmens auf Lebenslauf, Generationenbeziehungen und soziale Identität. Barbara Budrich.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Thier, K., & Erlach, C. (2013). Der Storytelling-Prozess: Narrative Methoden zur Reflexion und Prävention von Teamkonflikten. Konfliktdynamik, 2(4), 272–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tocheva, D. (2015). ‘They work in a closed circle’: Self-sufficiency in house-based rural tourism in the Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria. In S. Gudeman & C. M. Hann (Eds.), Oikos and market: Explorations in self-sufficiency after socialism (pp. 137–161). Berghahn.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Todorov, T. (1990). Genres in Discourse. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urban, T. (2021). Zwischen seismografischem SpĂ¼rsinn und Sinnverlust: Unternehmerfamilien im krisenreichen 20. Jahrhundert. Habilitationsschrift an der Fakultät fĂ¼r Geschichte, Kunst- und Religionswissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Schlippe, A., & Groth, T. (2007). The Power of Stories. Zur Funktion von Geschichten in Familienunternehmen. Kontext, 38(1), 26–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White, H. (1987). The content of the form: Narrative discourse and historical representation. Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wimmer, R. (2010). Das Leitprinzip des Shareholder Value hat ausgedient. Festschrift fĂ¼r Birger Priddat. Metropolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wimmer, R., Domayer, E., Oswald, M., & Vater, G. (2018). Familienunternehmen: Auslaufmodell oder Erfolgstyp? Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, H. W. (2021). How the Chinese think about the family: The ‘family’ in Chinese family firms. Journal of Business Anthropology, 10(2), 241–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yanagisako, S. J. (2002). Producing culture and capital: Family firms in Italy. Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanagisako, S. J. (2018). Family firms. In H. Callan & S. Coleman (Eds.), The international Encyclopedia of anthropology (pp. 1–7). Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanagisako, S. (2019). Family firms as kinship enterprises. Economics Discussion Papers, No. 2019-12. Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zellweger, T. M., Eddleston, K. A., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2010). Exploring the concept of Familiness: Introducing family firm identity. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(1), 54–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zwack, M., Kraiczy, N., von Schlippe, A., & Hack, A. (2016). Storytelling and cultural family value transmission: Value perception of stories in family firms. Management Learning, 47(5), 590–614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tobias Koellner .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Koellner, T., Boyd, B., Kleve, H., RĂ¼sen, T.A. (2023). Producing and Reproducing the Business Family Across Generations: The Importance of Narratives in German Business Families. In: Koellner, T. (eds) Family Firms and Business Families in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20525-5_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20525-5_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-20524-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-20525-5

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics